META-ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF AROMATHERAPY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PRE-SURGERY ANXIETY IN ADULTS

According to the data of the World Health Organization, an average of 266 to 360 million people globally every year.
the surgical procedure is taking place. All surgical procedures carry some degree of risk. Made a lot
According to numerous studies, patients awaiting surgery are usually hospitalized,
showed significant anxiety in anticipation of anaesthesia, surgery, pain, and death.
The level of "mild" anxiety experienced before the surgery mobilizes the body's potential power.
and can help patients pass this process without any problems.
However, if the anxiety experienced before the surgery exceeds the normal amount and lasts for a long time, some hormone
some undesirable metabolic processes, such as increased caetholamine levels and hypertension.
may cause reactions. These reactions may affect the initiation and completion of surgery.
It can also affect the body's immune system. All these conditions are
increase complications, prolong hospital stay, decrease patient satisfaction
can have many consequences, such as
In fact, patients experience anxiety, restlessness and tension about an uncertain process.
As a result, it negatively affects the health of the patients and the surgical processes. Because
There is a need for effective approaches to manage anxiety before surgery. For this both
pharmacological methods including various drugs and pharmacological methods including alternative treatments
non-existent methods are used. Pharmacological treatments are effective and widely used. But
side effects such as suppression of circulation, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, allergies
they have. These risks limited the use of drugs and made non-toxic supplements.
increased the focus on treatments. According to the data of 2020, more than 30 countries
Nursing practices include non-pharmacological treatments. One of them
is aromatherapy.
Aromatherapy, with various distribution methods of oils obtained from natural aromatic plants.
It is used for the management of various symptoms. The foundation of aromatherapy, modern
It is based on the environmental theory of Florence Nightinagale, who developed nursing practice. This
using the factors in the patient's environment as a restorative process to heal
must.
''Nursing activities, such as the use of essential oils in aromatherapy,
by changing multiple elements, improving the repair process and recovery of health.
F.Nightinagele
Aromatherapy, ease of use and does not require special equipment and licensed experts,
It has become the most widely used complementary therapy after pharmacological drugs.
Numerous reports of the use of aromatherapy for the management of preoperative pain
There is research. In 2020, a report covering research conducted since 2006
meta-analysis was done. In this way, the results of many independent studies are combined together.
could be evaluated. The studies examined are in different countries such as Iran, Turkey, USA, Japan.
had been carried out. Management of preoperative anxiety in adults in most studies
For this, lavender oil and citrus types such as bergamot and limonene oil were used.
The known mechanism of the beneficial effect of aromatherapy on anxiety is as follows:
essential oil molecules bind to the olfactory receptors in the nose, from here to the limbic system,
transmits signals to the hypothalamus and olfactory cortex. From here, the baso neurotransmitters
It releases an acid (gamma-aminobutyric acid) that has an inhibitory effect on the nervous system.
increases. Relaxation of the autonomic nervous system by reducing the activity of some hormones
supports. At the end of this process, it improves one's anxiety.
According to the review of the meta-analysis, lavender, rose, citrus, and blend aromatherapy
While eucalyptus and its derivatives are used, it can significantly improve pre-anxiety
aromatherapy has not been that effective. Researchers found that each aroma extract contains a different active chemical.
The beneficial effects of these extracts are also different from each other. for example
Lavender oil, which is effective in relieving anxiety, also relieves pain and sleep difficulties.
can reduce nausea and vomiting, and improve immune function. rose oil,
It is germ and anti-inflammatory and has positive effects on pain. Citrus
varieties may have effects on immunity and may also be used in anxiety and anxiety management.
used. As a result, essential oils with different aromas and their mixtures function well.
should be known and to ensure that patients have more than one complaint at the same time.
Oils suitable for these should be preferred. Another interesting result is before surgery.
sessions lasting 20 minutes or less for anxiety management
It was more effective than sessions. This is because patients feel odor after 20 minutes.
It can be interpreted as getting used to it anyway and decreasing the sensitivity of the olfactory receptors.
As a result, this compilation; according to different sub-parameters such as aroma selection, session duration
aromatherapy to improve anxiety before surgery in adults, although effects vary
showed evidence to support its use.

SOURCE
The effectiveness of aromatherapy on preoperative anxiety in adults: A systematic review
and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, International Journal of Nursing Studies,
2020